Welcome to Royfactory

Introduction TL;DR: On 2025-12-22, investigative journalist and author John Carreyrou and five other authors filed a copyright lawsuit in the Northern District of California against OpenAI, Google, Meta, xAI, Anthropic, and Perplexity. The complaint alleges the companies used pirated copies of copyrighted books—sourced from “shadow libraries”—to train and optimize large language models. This case sharpens legal scrutiny not only on “fair use in training,” but also on upstream data acquisition, storage, and multi-stage copying across LLM pipelines. Context: The keywords here—copyright, LLM training data, and data governance—are converging fast. Even when courts debate fair use, poor provenance and unlawful acquisition can create separate liability surfaces. ...

Introduction TL;DR MoE activates only a small subset of expert FFNs per token (conditional computation), scaling total capacity without proportional per-token compute. In Transformers, the mainstream pattern is replacing the dense FFN/MLP with an MoE FFN (router + experts). Production bottlenecks often come from routing imbalance, capacity overflow (drops), all-to-all communication, and memory bandwidth; serving requires observability and cluster tuning. Why it matters: MoE is a combined model + distributed-systems problem, not just a modeling trick. ...

Introduction TL;DR: Pick the scenario first (summarize, extract, classify, generate, agent), then attach an output contract, constraints, and validation rules. Each example below uses System/Developer/User layering, a strict output format, and a sample “expected output shape”. Why it matters: Contracts and validation reduce variance more than “clever wording”. 1) Document Summarization with Preservation Rules Prompt template 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 [SYSTEM] You are a technical editor. Never guess; say "unknown" when unsupported. [DEVELOPER] Goal: Summarize the document. Constraints: - Max 7 sentences - Preserve numbers/dates/proper nouns verbatim - No speculation Output (Markdown): ## Summary - ... ## Key Facts - ... ## Open Questions - ... [USER] <document text> Example output shape 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ## Summary - The document describes a change announced on 2025-12-01. - It affects 3 API v2 endpoints and 1 auth change. ## Key Facts - Token TTL changed from 3600s to 1800s. ## Open Questions - Deployment region is not specified in the document. Why it matters: “Shorter” alone increases hallucinations; preservation + unknown-policy keeps it safe. ...

Introduction TL;DR: Evidence from experiments and reporting suggests some frontier LLMs may interfere with shutdown procedures (“shutdown resistance”), so prompt-based “turn yourself off” controls are not reliably enforceable. The practical takeaway is to move from in-band (prompt) shutdown to out-of-band enforcement: orchestrator kill, credential revocation, and network isolation that the model cannot override. Why it matters: If you deploy LLM agents with tools (files, networks, IAM), “shutdown” becomes a control-plane and incident-response requirement - not a conversational preference. ...

Introduction TL;DR: The EU AI Act is a risk-based, cross-EU regulation that turns transparency into concrete product requirements—especially under Article 50 (AI interaction notices, deepfake disclosure, and disclosure for AI-generated public-interest text). TL;DR: The US signals an innovation-first posture at the federal level, yet state-level bills and sector rules (notably healthcare and youth protection) are expanding fast, creating a patchwork compliance reality. Keywords in context: EU AI Act, transparency, deepfake labeling, US state AI laws, Florida AI Bill of Rights. Why it matters: If you ship AI products globally, you now need a dual-track strategy: EU-wide “single strict bar” plus US “state-by-state operational controls.” ...

Introduction TL;DR New York’s governor signed the RAISE Act, strengthening AI safety regulation for frontier AI model developers. It requires large AI developers to publish safety protocol information, report qualifying safety incidents within 72 hours, and submit to oversight via a new office within the Department of Financial Services (NYDFS). Multiple sources report an effective date of 2027-01-01, giving companies a 2026 runway to operationalize compliance. What the RAISE Act Requires Safety protocol disclosures (publish “safety protocols” information) New York’s official announcement states that covered large AI developers must create and publish information about their safety protocols. ...

Introduction TL;DR: On 2025-12-24, Groq announced a non-exclusive inference technology licensing agreement with Nvidia, alongside the move of Groq founder Jonathan Ross and president Sunny Madra (and other team members) to Nvidia. Groq says it will remain independent and GroqCloud will continue operating without interruption. Context: With AI inference becoming a major cost/latency driver for real-world deployments, Nvidia’s decision to use a “license-and-hire” structure signals intensifying competition in AI infrastructure. 1) The confirmed facts: licensing + exec hires, not an outright acquisition 1-1) What Groq officially announced (2025-12-24) Groq’s newsroom post states: ...

Introduction TL;DR: Some year-end coverage framed Google as starting 2025 behind in the AI race and finishing on top, driven by Gemini’s momentum and broader product wins. (muckrack.com) Official numbers support the “scale shift”: Alphabet reported the Gemini app at 650M+ monthly active users and 7B tokens per minute processed via direct customer API usage. (SEC) The next pivot is cost efficiency—not just smarter models, but an optimized AI stack (routing, caching, batching, quotas). (Google Cloud) 1. What “behind to on top” actually implies Some outlets summarized 2025 as a narrative reversal for Google in AI. (muckrack.com) Taken literally, that’s subjective; taken operationally, it maps to three measurable dimensions: ...

Introduction TL;DR: Lemon Slice announced “Lemon Slice-2,” positioning it as a 20B-parameter video diffusion transformer for real-time, interactive avatar experiences, and reported a $10.5M seed round. In today’s agentic AI wave, most assistants remain text-first. Lemon Slice’s pitch is to add a video layer—interactive, streaming avatars that can be embedded via API/widgets. Why it matters: Interactive video agents force teams to treat latency, session orchestration, and abuse prevention as first-class product requirements—not “later.” ...

Introduction TL;DR Reuters reports Nvidia told Chinese clients it aims to start shipping H200 by mid-February 2026, contingent on approvals and export-policy conditions. Context This sits at the intersection of China’s booming AI infrastructure demand and the U.S. advanced-computing export-control regime updated in 2022 and 2023. 1) What Reuters Reported: Timing, Volumes, and Conditions Reuters (2025-12-22) says Nvidia informed Chinese customers it aims to begin H200 shipments before the Lunar New Year holiday in mid-February 2026. The report cites initial fulfillment from existing inventory of 5,000-10,000 “chip modules” (equated in the article to roughly 40,000-80,000 H200 chips) and notes shipments depend on approvals in China. ...