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Introduction TL;DR: Kubernetes Ingress is an API object that defines rules for routing external HTTP and HTTPS traffic to services within a cluster. It acts as a Layer 7 load balancer, providing features like URL path and hostname-based routing, SSL/TLS termination, and virtual hosting. To function, an Ingress resource requires an Ingress controller, such as NGINX, Istio, or Traefik. This approach simplifies external traffic management and allows multiple services to be exposed under a single IP address, making it a highly efficient solution. ...

Introduction TL;DR: Kubernetes Volumes provide a durable storage solution to solve the ephemeral nature of container filesystems, ensuring data persists even when a Pod restarts. The core of Kubernetes storage is an abstraction layer consisting of three key objects: PersistentVolume (PV), PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC), and StorageClass. An administrator defines available storage as a PV, a user requests storage with a PVC, and a StorageClass enables the dynamic, automatic provisioning of PVs to satisfy PVCs, streamlining storage management in cloud environments. By default, a container’s filesystem is ephemeral. Any data created inside a container is lost when the container is terminated and restarted. To run stateful applications like databases, it’s essential to have a mechanism for persistent storage. Kubernetes Volumes address this by decoupling the storage lifecycle from the Pod lifecycle. A Volume is essentially a directory, accessible to the containers in a Pod, whose data can be preserved across container restarts. ...

Introduction TL;DR: The Kubernetes NodePort service exposes an application to external traffic by opening a specific port on every node in the cluster. It maps an external port (default range: 30000-32767) to an internal service’s port, allowing access via <NodeIP>:<NodePort>. NodePort is a straightforward way to expose services, primarily used for development, testing, or demo purposes, as it lacks the production-grade features of LoadBalancer or Ingress. The Kubernetes NodePort is a fundamental service type that provides external access to applications running within a cluster. In Kubernetes, Pods are ephemeral and have dynamic IP addresses, making direct access unreliable. Services solve this by providing a stable endpoint. A NodePort service builds upon the internal-only ClusterIP service by making that service accessible from outside the cluster through a static port on each worker node’s IP address. ...

Introduction In Kubernetes, Dynamic Provisioning is a powerful feature that automatically creates storage volumes when users request them. Instead of administrators manually pre-creating storage, developers can simply request the storage they need, and the cluster provides it on-demand. This guide explains the core concepts of dynamic provisioning, its key components like StorageClass and PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC), and how it streamlines storage management in modern cloud-native environments. TL;DR: Dynamic Provisioning allows Kubernetes to create storage volumes automatically. A developer submits a request for storage (a PersistentVolumeClaim), and a pre-defined template (a StorageClass) is used to automatically create the physical storage and a corresponding PersistentVolume (PV) to represent it. This “self-service” model eliminates manual work for administrators and accelerates application deployment. ...

Introduction Kubernetes Labels are key-value pairs attached to Kubernetes objects like Pods and Deployments. They are fundamental to organizing and selecting subsets of resources. This guide explores the concept of labels, how they work with selectors, their distinction from annotations, and best practices for effective resource management in a Kubernetes cluster. The first paragraph of your content should clearly state what Kubernetes Labels are and their primary purpose, including the main keywords. ...

Introduction A Kubernetes Pod is the smallest and most fundamental deployable object within a Kubernetes cluster. It represents a single instance of a running process and encapsulates one or more containers, along with shared storage and network resources. While the “one-container-per-pod” model is the most common use case, Pods can house multiple tightly-coupled containers that need to work together. Pods are considered ephemeral and are typically managed by higher-level controllers like Deployments, which handle replication and self-healing. ...

Introduction TL;DR: The Kubernetes Controller Manager (kube-controller-manager) is a core control plane component that acts as the brain for cluster state management. It runs multiple controller processes in a single binary, with each controller responsible for reconciling the “current state” of a resource with its “desired state.” This mechanism, known as a “control loop” or “reconciliation loop,” is what gives Kubernetes its powerful self-healing and automation capabilities. The Kubernetes Controller Manager is a daemon that embeds the core control loops shipped with Kubernetes. It watches the state of the cluster through the API server and makes changes attempting to move the current cluster state towards the desired state. This is the key principle behind Kubernetes’ declarative nature, where users define what they want, and the controllers figure out how to achieve it. ...

What Is HAProxy: A Deep Dive into the High Availability Load Balancer HAProxy (High Availability Proxy) is a cornerstone of modern web architecture, functioning as a premier open-source load balancer and reverse proxy for TCP and HTTP-based applications. Since its creation in 2000, it has become the go-to solution for managing traffic and ensuring service uptime for countless high-traffic websites. By intelligently distributing incoming requests across a farm of backend servers, HAProxy prevents any single server from becoming a bottleneck, thereby maximizing performance and guaranteeing high availability. ...

12 Must-Know AI Issues (September 2025): GPT-5, Llama 4, Apple Intelligence, Rubin CPX, EU AI Act, Korea’s AI Basic Act This post distills the AI latest issues (September 2025) into 12 practical themes: model releases (GPT-5, Llama 4, Gemini 2.x), platform shifts (Apple Intelligence), silicon/infrastructure (NVIDIA Rubin CPX, record data-center spend), and regulation/litigation (EU AI Act timelines and fines, Korea’s AI Basic Act, NYT v. OpenAI). Each topic includes crisp takeaways and concrete next steps for engineering, security, and compliance teams. ...

Introduction This roundup captures today’s major IT issues across consumer tech, policy, chips, and security: Apple’s iPhone 17 lineup—including the ultra-thin iPhone Air—Microsoft’s Windows 11 September update, Nepal’s social media ban and political fallout, China’s shift to homegrown AI chips, and notable breaches impacting finance and education. Apple’s iPhone 17 & iPhone Air: What matters iPhone Air debuts at 5.6mm thin with 120Hz ProMotion and ships Sept 19 (preorders Sept 12). The lineup brings Apple’s N1 networking chip (Wi-Fi 7, Bluetooth 6, Thread) and a new C1X modem, plus always-on Memory Integrity Enforcement for hardened security. Windows 11’s September Update: Features you’ll actually use Recall’s new Home (Copilot+ PCs), multi-dashboard Widgets, grid photo search, refreshed Windows Hello, and expanded AI Agent in Settings headline KB5065426. Admins should review privacy toggles and enterprise backup options before wide rollout. ...