Text2SQL: How LLMs Convert Natural Language Into SQL Queries
Introduction Text2SQL is a transformative AI technology that converts natural language questions into executable SQL queries, eliminating the need for database expertise. As of 2024-2025, breakthroughs in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), prompt engineering techniques (DIN-SQL, DAIL-SQL), and self-correction mechanisms have pushed accuracy to 87.6%. Major enterprises like Daangn Pay, IBM, and AWS have deployed Text2SQL in production systems, fundamentally democratizing data access across organizations. TL;DR Text2SQL automatically generates SQL queries from natural language questions. When a user asks in plain English—“What was our highest-revenue month last year?"—an LLM produces the corresponding SQL, fetches results from the database, and returns the answer. Recent advances in RAG technology and prompt engineering (DIN-SQL, DAIL-SQL) combined with self-correction mechanisms have achieved 87.6% execution accuracy on the Spider benchmark. Enterprise deployments by Daangn Pay and AWS demonstrate real-world impact on decision-making speed and data literacy. However, challenges remain in handling complex multi-table joins, domain-specific terminology, and schema hallucination—requiring custom fine-tuning per organization. ...